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D 1
2. also d The symbol for the Roman numeral 500.
D 2
abbr.2. day
3. Sportsb. defense
4. Democrat
6. down
d 1
or D(dē)n.pl.d's or D's also ds or Ds1. The fourth letter of the modern English alphabet.
2. Any of the speech sounds represented by the letter d.
4. Something shaped like the letter D.
5. D The lowest passing grade given to a student in a school or college.
6. Musica. The second tone in the scale of C major or the fourth tone in the relative minor scale.
c. A written or printed note representing this tone.
d. A string, key, or pipe tuned to the pitch of this tone.
d 2
abbr.2. diameter
4. down quark
d
(diː) orD
n, pld's, D'sorDs1. (Linguistics) the fourth letter and third consonant of the modern English alphabet
2. (Phonetics & Phonology) a speech sound represented by this letter, usually a voiced alveolar stop, as in dagger
3. (Billiards & Snooker) the semicircle on a billiards table having a radius of 11 inches and its straight edge in the middle of the baulk line
d
symbol for1. (General Physics) physics density or relative density
2. (Mathematics) maths a small increment in a given variable or function: used to indicate a derivative of one variable with respect to another, as in dy/dx
3. (Chess & Draughts) chess See algebraic notation
D
symbol for1. (Music, other) musica. a note having a frequency of 293.66 hertz (D above middle C) or this value multiplied or divided by any power of 2; the second note of the scale of C major
c. the major or minor key having this note as its tonic
3. (Mathematics) maths the first derivative of a function, as in D(x3 + x2) = 3x2 + 2x
4. (General Physics) physicsb. electric displacement
6. (Industrial Relations & HR Terms) a. a semiskilled or unskilled manual worker, or a trainee or apprentice to a skilled worker
b. (as modifier): D worker. See also occupation groupings
7. (Mathematics) (Roman numeral)500. See Roman numerals
abbreviation for9. (General Sporting Terms) informala. defence: I'm playing D in the match this afternoon.
10. (General Sporting Terms) informalAustral defensive play
D
orD.
abbreviation for (Classical Music) Deutsch: indicating the serial number in the catalogue (1951) of the musical compositions of Schubert made by Otto Deutsch (1883–1967)
D, d
(di)n., pl. DsD's, dsd's.
1. the fourth letter of the English alphabet, a consonant.
2. any spoken sound represented by this letter.
4. a written or printed representation of the letter D or d.
dd-
Biochem. Symbol.
(of a molecule) having a configuration resembling the dextrorotatory isomer of glyceraldehyde: printed as a small capital, roman character (disting. from l-).
d-
Symbol.
d'
,Pron. Spelling.
do (esp. before you): How d'you like them?
'd
2. contraction of would: I'd like to see it.
4. contraction of - ed: She OK'd the plan.
D
2. depth.
4. divorced.
D
Symbol.
1. the fourth in order or in a series.
2. (sometimes l.c.) (in some grading systems) a grade or mark indicating poor or barely acceptable quality.
3. a. the second note of the ascending C major scale.
4. (sometimes l.c.) the Roman numeral for 500. Compare Roman numerals.
6. aspartic acid.
D.
2. December.
4. Democratic.
6. Deus.
8. Doctor.
10. Dutch.
d.
2. daughter.
4. deceased.
6. degree.
8. Brit. pence.
9. Chiefly Brit. penny.
10. Physics. density.
12. deputy.
14. diameter.
16. dime.
18. dollar.
20. drachma.
d
D
1. A member of the occupation grouping typically consisting of semiskilled or unskilled workers.
2. A semicircle centered on the balk line from within which the cue ball is struck at the start of a game.
3. Semicircle, centered on the balk line, from within which the cue ball is struck at the start of a frame.
Noun | 1. | D - a fat-soluble vitamin that prevents rickets calciferol, cholecalciferol, ergocalciferol, viosterol, vitamin D ergosterol - a plant sterol that is converted into vitamin D by ultraviolet radiation fat-soluble vitamin - any vitamin that is soluble in fats |
2. | D - the cardinal number that is the product of one hundred and five large integer - an integer equal to or greater than ten | |
3. | d - the 4th letter of the Roman alphabet Latin alphabet, Roman alphabet - the alphabet evolved by the ancient Romans which serves for writing most of the languages of western Europe alphabetic character, letter of the alphabet, letter - the conventional characters of the alphabet used to represent speech; 'his grandmother taught him his letters' | |
Adj. | 1. | d - denoting a quantity consisting of 500 items or units cardinal - being or denoting a numerical quantity but not order; 'cardinal numbers' |
D
1d1[diː]N2. (Mus) D → re m
D major/minor → re mayor/menor
D sharp/flat → re sostenido/bemol
D major/minor → re mayor/menor
D sharp/flat → re sostenido/bemol
D
2A.N (Scol) (= mark around 50%) → aprobadom, suficientem
d
2ABBR1. =date → fha.
3. =died → m.
5. (Brit) (o.f.) =penny
D
d[ˈdiː]n
(= letter) → D, d m
D for David, D for Dog (US) → D comme Désirée
D for David, D for Dog (US) → D comme Désirée
(= grade) note attribuée à un travail insuffisant et qui équivaut à une note comprise entre 4/20 (pour un D-) et 8/20 (pour un D+)
I got a D+ → J'ai eu 8.
I got a D- → J'ai eu 4.
abbrI got a D+ → J'ai eu 8.
I got a D- → J'ai eu 4.
(British)(formerly) → pennym
D
, dn → Dnt, → dnt; (Sch, as a mark) → ausreichend; D sharp → Disnt, → disnt; D flat → Desnt, → desnt ? alsomajor, minor, natural
D
(US Pol) abbr ofDemocratic → dem.d
abbr ofdied → gest.
D
d[diː]1.na. (letter) → D, d f or m inv
D for David (Am) D for Dog → D come Domodossola
D for David (Am) D for Dog → D come Domodossola
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D | |
---|---|
D d | |
(See below) | |
Usage | |
Writing system | Latin script |
Type | Alphabetic |
Language of origin | Latin language |
Phonetic usage | [d] [t] [ɗ] [z~j] [ⁿd] [ɖ] |
Unicode value | U+0044, U+0064 |
Alphabetical position | 4 Numerical value: 4 |
History | |
Development | |
Time period | ~-700 to present |
Descendants | • Ď • Dž • Dz • Đ • Ð • Ƌ • Ꭰ • ₫ • ∂ |
Sisters | Д ד د ܕ Դդ Ꭰ Ꮫ ደ |
Variations | (See below) |
Other | |
Other letters commonly used with | d(x) |
Associated numbers | 4 |
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. |
|
D (nameddee/diː/[1]) is the fourth letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.
- 4Related characters
History
Egyptian hieroglyph door, fish | Phoenician daleth | Greek Delta | Etruscan D | Roman D |
---|
The Semitic letter Dāleth may have developed from the logogram for a fish or a door. There are many different Egyptian hieroglyphs that might have inspired this. In Semitic, Ancient Greek and Latin, the letter represented /d/; in the Etruscan alphabet the letter was superfluous but still retained (see letter B). The equivalent Greek letter is Delta, Δ.
The minuscule (lower-case) form of 'd' consists of a loop and a tall vertical stroke. It developed by gradual variations on the majuscule (capital) form. In handwriting, it was common to start the arc to the left of the vertical stroke, resulting in a serif at the top of the arc. This serif was extended while the rest of the letter was reduced, resulting in an angled stroke and loop. The angled stroke slowly developed into a vertical stroke.
Use in writing systems
The letter D, standing for 'Deutschland' (German for 'Germany'), on a boundary stone at the border between Austria and Germany.
In most languages that use the Latin alphabet, and in the International Phonetic Alphabet, ⟨d⟩ generally represents the voiced alveolar or voiced dental plosive/d/. However, in the Vietnamese alphabet, it represents the sound /z/ in northern dialects or /j/ in southern dialects. (See D with stroke and Dz (digraph).) In Fijian it represents a prenasalized stop /nd/.[2] In some languages where voicelessunaspirated stops contrast with voiceless aspirated stops, ⟨d⟩ represents an unaspirated /t/, while ⟨t⟩ represents an aspirated /tʰ/. Examples of such languages include Icelandic, Scottish Gaelic, Navajo and the Pinyin transliteration of Mandarin.
Other uses
- The Roman numeral Ⅾ represents the number 500.[3]
- D is the grade below C but above E in the school grading system.
Related characters
Descendants and related characters in the Latin alphabet
- Ɖ ɖ : African D
- Ð ð : Latin letter Eth
- D with diacritics: Đ đƊ ɗḊ ḋḌ ḍḐ ḑḒ ḓĎ ďḎ ḏ ᵭ[4]ᶁ[5]ᶑ[5]
- IPA-specific symbols related to D: ɖ
- Ꝺ ꝺ : Insular D is used in various phonetic contexts[6]
- ᴅ ᴰ ᵈ : Small capital D and various modifier letters are used in the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet.[7]
- ȡ : D with curl is used in Sino-Tibetanist linguistics[8]
- Ƌ ƌ : D with topbar
Ancestors and siblings in other alphabets
- ? : Semitic letter Dalet, from which the following symbols originally derive
- Δ δ : Greek letter Delta, from which the following symbols originally derive
- Ⲇ ⲇ : Coptic letter Delta
- Д д : Cyrillic letter De
- ? : Old Italic D, the ancestor of modern Latin D
- ᛞ : Runic letter dagaz, which is possibly a descendant of Old Italic D
- ᚦ Runic letter thurisaz, another possible descendant of Old Italic D
- ? : Gothic letter daaz, which derives from Greek Delta
- Δ δ : Greek letter Delta, from which the following symbols originally derive
Derived signs, symbols and abbreviations
- ₫ : Đồng sign
- ∂ : the partial derivative symbol,
Computing codes
Character | D | d | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D | LATIN SMALL LETTER D | ||
Encodings | decimal | hex | decimal | hex |
Unicode | 68 | U+0044 | 100 | U+0064 |
UTF-8 | 68 | 44 | 100 | 64 |
Numeric character reference | D | D | d | d |
EBCDIC family | 196 | C4 | 132 | 84 |
ASCII1 | 68 | 44 | 100 | 64 |
- 1Also for encodings based on ASCII, including the DOS, Windows, ISO-8859 and Macintosh families of encodings.
Other representations
NATO phonetic | Morse code |
Delta | –·· |
Signal flag | Flag semaphore | American manual alphabet (ASLfingerspelling) | Braille dots-145 |
In British Sign Language (BSL), the letter 'd' is indicated by signing with the right hand held with the index and thumb extended and slightly curved, and the tip of the thumb and finger held against the extended index of the left hand.
References
- ^'D' Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition (1989); Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged (1993); 'dee', op. cit.
- ^Lynch, John (1998). Pacific languages: an introduction. University of Hawaii Press. p. 97. ISBN0-8248-1898-9.
- ^Gordon, Arthur E. (1983). Illustrated Introduction to Latin Epigraphy. University of California Press. p. 44. ISBN9780520038981. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
- ^Constable, Peter (2003-09-30). 'L2/03-174R2: Proposal to Encode Phonetic Symbols with Middle Tilde in the UCS'(PDF).
- ^ abConstable, Peter (2004-04-19). 'L2/04-132 Proposal to add additional phonetic characters to the UCS'(PDF).
- ^Everson, Michael (2006-08-06). 'L2/06-266: Proposal to add Latin letters and a Greek symbol to the UCS'(PDF).
- ^Everson, Michael; et al. (2002-03-20). 'L2/02-141: Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS'(PDF).
- ^Cook, Richard; Everson, Michael (2001-09-20). 'L2/01-347: Proposal to add six phonetic characters to the UCS'(PDF).
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to D. |
- The dictionary definition of D at Wiktionary
- The dictionary definition of d at Wiktionary
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=D&oldid=892543117'
(redirected from OD'd)Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Legal, Encyclopedia.
Od
or Odd(ŏd)interj.Archaic
[Alteration of God.]
OD 1
(ō′dē′)Slangintr.v.OD'ed, OD'·ing, OD's2. To have or experience too much of something; overindulge: OD'ed on ice cream.
n.2. One who has taken an overdose.
OD 2
abbr.2. officer of the day
4. also o/d overdraft
od
(ɒd; əʊd) ,odyl
orodyle
n (General Physics) archaic a hypothetical force formerly thought to be responsible for many natural phenomena, such as magnetism, light, and hypnotism
[C19: coined arbitrarily by Baron Karl von Reichenbach (1788–1869), German scientist]
Od
(ɒd) ,Od
orOdd
neuphemistic (used in mild oaths) an archaic word for God
OD
(ˌəʊˈdiː)n
vb, OD's, OD'ingorOD'd
[C20: from o(ver)d(ose)]
OD
abbreviation for2. (Languages) Old Dutch
4. (General Engineering) outside diameter
6. (Banking & Finance) bankingb. overdraft
Od
or 'Od or Odd
(ɒd)interj.
Archaic. a shortened form of “God” (used in oaths).
OD
(ˈoʊˈdi)n., pl. ODs or OD's,n.
1. an overdose of a drug, esp. a fatal one.
2. a person who has become seriously ill or has died from a drug overdose.
v.i. 4. to die from a drug overdose.
[1955–60]
od
2. outside diameter.
4. overdraft.
O.D.
or OD,
1. Doctor of Optometry.
2. (in prescriptions) the right eye.
3. officer of the day.
5. ordinary seaman.
7. overdose.
9. overdrawn.
OD
Past participle: OD'd
Gerund: OD'ing
Imperative |
---|
OD |
OD |
Present |
---|
I OD |
you OD |
he/she/it OD's |
we OD |
you OD |
they OD |
Preterite |
---|
I OD'd |
you OD'd |
he/she/it OD'd |
we OD'd |
you OD'd |
they OD'd |
Present Continuous |
---|
I am OD'ing |
you are OD'ing |
he/she/it is OD'ing |
we are OD'ing |
you are OD'ing |
they are OD'ing |
Present Perfect |
---|
I have OD'd |
you have OD'd |
he/she/it has OD'd |
we have OD'd |
you have OD'd |
they have OD'd |
Past Continuous |
---|
I was OD'ing |
you were OD'ing |
he/she/it was OD'ing |
we were OD'ing |
you were OD'ing |
they were OD'ing |
Past Perfect |
---|
I had OD'd |
you had OD'd |
he/she/it had OD'd |
we had OD'd |
you had OD'd |
they had OD'd |
Future |
---|
I will OD |
you will OD |
he/she/it will OD |
we will OD |
you will OD |
they will OD |
Future Perfect |
---|
I will have OD'd |
you will have OD'd |
he/she/it will have OD'd |
we will have OD'd |
you will have OD'd |
they will have OD'd |
Future Continuous |
---|
I will be OD'ing |
you will be OD'ing |
he/she/it will be OD'ing |
we will be OD'ing |
you will be OD'ing |
they will be OD'ing |
Present Perfect Continuous |
---|
I have been OD'ing |
you have been OD'ing |
he/she/it has been OD'ing |
we have been OD'ing |
you have been OD'ing |
they have been OD'ing |
Future Perfect Continuous |
---|
I will have been OD'ing |
you will have been OD'ing |
he/she/it will have been OD'ing |
we will have been OD'ing |
you will have been OD'ing |
they will have been OD'ing |
Past Perfect Continuous |
---|
I had been OD'ing |
you had been OD'ing |
he/she/it had been OD'ing |
we had been OD'ing |
you had been OD'ing |
they had been OD'ing |
Conditional |
---|
I would OD |
you would OD |
he/she/it would OD |
we would OD |
you would OD |
they would OD |
Past Conditional |
---|
I would have OD'd |
you would have OD'd |
he/she/it would have OD'd |
we would have OD'd |
you would have OD'd |
they would have OD'd |
Noun | 1. | OD - a doctor's degree in optometry doctorate, doctor's degree - one of the highest earned academic degrees conferred by a university |
2. | OD - the right eye eye, oculus, optic - the organ of sight |
OD
2[əʊˈdiː] =overdoseB.VI2. (fig) (hum) to OD on TV → ver demasiada tele
OD
[ˌəʊˈdiː] (= overdose)Dnd 5e Dream Monsters
n [drug] → overdosef
OD
(inf)vi → eine Überdosisnehmen; to OD on heroin → sich(dat) → den goldenenSchusssetzen(inf)
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Paradigm | Multi-paradigm: functional, imperative, object-oriented |
---|---|
Designed by | Walter Bright, Andrei Alexandrescu (since 2007) |
Developer | D Language Foundation |
First appeared | 8 December 2001; 17 years ago[1] |
Stable release | |
Typing discipline | Inferred, static, strong |
OS | FreeBSD, Linux, macOS, Windows |
License | Boost[3][4][5] |
Filename extensions | .d |
Website | dlang.org |
Major implementations | |
DMD (reference implementation), GDC, LDC, SDC | |
Influenced by | |
C, C++, C#, Eiffel,[6]Java, Python | |
Influenced | |
Genie, MiniD, Qore, Swift,[7]Vala | |
|
D, also known as Dlang, is a multi-paradigmsystem programming language created by Walter Bright at Digital Mars and released in 2001. Andrei Alexandrescu joined the design and development effort in 2007. Though it originated as a re-engineering of C++, D is a distinct language. It has redesigned some core C++ features, while also sharing characteristics of other languages, notably Java, Python, Ruby, C#, and Eiffel.
The design goals of the language attempt to combine the performance and safety of compiled languages with the expressive power of modern dynamic languages. Idiomatic D code is commonly as fast as equivalent C++ code, while also being shorter.[8] The language as a whole is not memory-safe,[9] but does include optional attributes designed to check memory safety.[10]
Type inference, automatic memory management and syntactic sugar for common types allow faster development, while bounds checking, design by contract features and a concurrency-aware type system help reduce the occurrence of bugs.[11]
- 1Features
- 1.1Programming paradigms
- 5Examples
Features[edit]
D is designed with lessons learned from practical C++ usage, rather than from a purely theoretical perspective. Although it uses many C and C++ concepts it also discards some, and is as such not compatible with C and C++ source code. D has, however, been constrained in its design by the rule that any code that is legal in both C and D should behave in the same way. D gained some features before C++ did, for example closures, anonymous functions, and compile time function execution. D adds to the functionality of C++ by also implementing design by contract, unit testing, true modules, garbage collection, first classarrays, associative arrays, dynamic arrays, array slicing, nested functions, lazy evaluation, and a re-engineered template syntax. D retains C++'s ability to perform low-level coding and to add inlineassembler. C++ multiple inheritance is replaced by Java-style single inheritance with interfaces and mixins. On the other hand, D's declaration, statement and expression syntax closely matches that of C++.
The inline assembler typifies the differences between D and application languages like Java and C#. An inline assembler lets programmers enter machine-specific assembly code within standard D code, a method often used by system programmers to access the low-level features of the processor needed to run programs that interface directly with the underlying hardware, such as operating systems and device drivers.
D has built-in support for documentation comments, allowing automatic documentation generation.
Programming paradigms[edit]
D supports five main programming paradigms: imperative, object-oriented, metaprogramming, functional and concurrent (actor model).
Imperative[edit]
Imperative programming in D is almost identical to that in C. Functions, data, statements, declarations and expressions work just as they do in C, and the C runtime library may be accessed directly. On the other hand, some notable differences between D and C in the area of imperative programming include D's
foreach
loop construct, which allows looping over a collection, and nested functions, which are functions that are declared inside of another and may access the enclosing function's local variables.Object-oriented[edit]
Object-oriented programming in D is based on a single inheritance hierarchy, with all classes derived from class Object. D does not support multiple inheritance; instead, it uses Java-style interfaces, which are comparable to C++'s pure abstract classes, and mixins, which separates common functionality from the inheritance hierarchy. D also allows the defining of static and final (non-virtual) methods in interfaces.
Metaprogramming[edit]
Metaprogramming is supported by a combination of templates, compile time function execution, tuples, and string mixins. The following examples demonstrate some of D's compile-time features.
Templates in D can be written in a more imperative style compared to the C++ functional style for templates. This is a regular function that calculates the factorial of a number:
Here, the use of
static if
, D's compile-time conditional construct, is demonstrated to construct a template that performs the same calculation using code that is similar to that of the function above:In the following two examples, the template and function defined above are used to compute factorials. The types of constants need not be specified explicitly as the compiler infers their types from the right-hand sides of assignments:
This is an example of compile time function execution. Ordinary functions may be used in constant, compile-time expressions provided they meet certain criteria:
The
std.string.format
function performs printf
-like data formatting (also at compile-time, through CTFE), and the 'msg' pragma displays the result at compile time:String mixins, combined with compile-time function execution, allow generating D code using string operations at compile time. This can be used to parse domain-specific languages to D code, which will be compiled as part of the program:
Functional[edit]
D supports functional programming features such as function literals, closures, recursively-immutable objects and the use of higher-order functions. There are two syntaxes for anonymous functions, including a multiple-statement form and a 'shorthand' single-expression notation:[8]
There are two built-in types for function literals,
function
, which is simply a pointer to a stack-allocated function, and delegate
, which also includes a pointer to the surrounding environment. Type inference may be used with an anonymous function, in which case the compiler creates a delegate
unless it can prove that an environment pointer is not necessary. Likewise, to implement a closure, the compiler places enclosed local variables on the heap only if necessary (for example, if a closure is returned by another function, and exits that function's scope). When using type inference, the compiler will also add attributes such as pure
and nothrow
to a function's type, if it can prove that they apply.Other functional features such as currying and common higher-order functions such as map, filter, and reduce are available through the standard library modules
std.functional
and std.algorithm
.Alternatively, the above function compositions can be expressed using Uniform Function Call Syntax (UFCS) for more natural left-to-right reading:
Parallel[edit]
Concurrent[edit]
Memory management[edit]
Memory is usually managed with garbage collection, but specific objects may be finalized immediately when they go out of scope. Explicit memory management is possible using the overloaded operators
new
and delete
, and by simply calling C's malloc and free directly. Garbage collection can be controlled: programmers may add and exclude memory ranges from being observed by the collector, can disable and enable the collector and force either a generational or full collection cycle.[12] The manual gives many examples of how to implement different highly optimized memory management schemes for when garbage collection is inadequate in a program.[13]SafeD[edit]
SafeD[14]is the name given to the subset of D that can be guaranteed to be memory safe (no writes to memory that were not allocated or that have already been recycled). Functions marked
@safe
are checked at compile time to ensure that they do not use any features that could result in corruption of memory, such as pointer arithmetic and unchecked casts, and any other functions called must also be marked as @safe
or @trusted
. Functions can be marked @trusted
for the cases where the compiler cannot distinguish between safe use of a feature that is disabled in SafeD and a potential case of memory corruption.[15]Interaction with other systems[edit]
C's application binary interface (ABI) is supported, as well as all of C's fundamental and derived types, enabling direct access to existing C code and libraries. D bindings are available for many popular C libraries. Additionally, C's standard library is a part of standard D.
Because C++ does not have a single standard ABI, D can only fully access C++ code that is written to the C ABI. The D parser understands an extern (C++) calling convention for limited linking to C++ objects.
On Microsoft Windows, D can access Component Object Model (COM) code.
History[edit]
Walter Bright decided to start working on a new language in 1999. D was first released in December 2001,[1] and reached version 1.0 in January 2007.[16] The first version of the language (D1) concentrated on the imperative, object oriented and metaprogramming paradigms,[17] similar to C++.
Dissatisfied with Phobos, D's official runtime and standard library, members of the D community created an alternative runtime and standard library named Tango. The first public Tango announcement came within days of D 1.0's release.[18] Tango adopted a different programming style, embracing OOP and high modularity. Being a community-led project, Tango was more open to contributions, which allowed it to progress faster than the official standard library. At that time, Tango and Phobos were incompatible due to different runtime support APIs (the garbage collector, threading support, etc.). This made it impossible to use both libraries in the same project. The existence of two libraries, both widely in use, has led to significant dispute due to some packages using Phobos and others using Tango.[19]
In June 2007, the first version of D2 was released.[2] The beginning of D2's development signalled the stabilization of D1; the first version of the language has been placed in maintenance, only receiving corrections and implementation bugfixes. D2 was to introduce breaking changes to the language, beginning with its first experimental const system. D2 later added numerous other language features, such as closures, purity, and support for the functional and concurrent programming paradigms. D2 also solved standard library problems by separating the runtime from the standard library. The completion of a D2 Tango port was announced in February 2012.[20]
The release of Andrei Alexandrescu's book The D Programming Language on 12 June 2010 marked the stabilization of D2, which today is commonly referred to as just 'D'.
In January 2011, D development moved from a bugtracker / patch-submission basis to GitHub. This has led to a significant increase in contributions to the compiler, runtime and standard library.[21]
In December 2011, Andrei Alexandrescu announced that D1, the first version of the language, would be discontinued on 31 December 2012.[22] The final D1 release, D v1.076, was on 31 December 2012.[23]
Code for the official D compiler, the Digital Mars D compiler by Walter Bright, was originally released under a custom license, qualifying as source available, but not conforming to the open source definition.[24] In 2014 the compiler front-end was re-licensed as open source under the Boost Software License.[3] This re-licensed code excluded the back-end, which had been partially developed at Symantec. On 7 April 2017, the entire compiler was made available under the Boost license after Symantec gave permission to re-license the back-end, too.[4][25][26][27] On 21 June 2017, the D Language was accepted for inclusion in GCC.[28]
Implementations[edit]
Most current D implementations compile directly into machine code for efficient execution.
- DMD – The Digital Mars D compiler by Walter Bright is the official D compiler; open sourced under the Boost Software License.[3][4]
- GDC – A front-end for the GCC back-end, built using the open DMD compiler source code.[29]
- LDC – A compiler based on the DMD front-end that uses LLVM as its compiler back-end. The first release-quality version was published on 9 January 2009.[30] It supports version 2.0.[31]
- D Compiler for .NET – A back-end for the D programming language 2.0 compiler.[32][33] It compiles the code to Common Intermediate Language (CIL) bytecode rather than to machine code. The CIL can then be run via a Common Language Infrastructure (CLR) virtual machine.
- SDC – The Stupid D Compiler uses a custom front-end and LLVM as its compiler back-end. It is written in D and uses a scheduler to handle symbol resolution in order to elegantly handle the compile-time features of D. This compiler currently supports a limited subset of the language.[34][35]
Development tools[edit]
Editors and integrated development environments (IDEs) supporting D include Eclipse, Microsoft Visual Studio, SlickEdit, Emacs, vim, SciTE, Smultron, TextMate, MonoDevelop, Zeus,[36] and Geany among others.[37]
- Eclipse plug-ins for D include: DDT[38] and Descent (dead project).[39]
- Visual Studio integration is provided by VisualD.[40]
- Visual Studio Code integration with extensions as Dlang-Vscode[41] or Code-D.[42]
- Vim supports both syntax highlighting and code completion
- A bundle is available for TextMate, and the Code::Blocks IDE includes partial support for the language. However, standard IDE features such as code completion or refactoring are not yet available, though they do work partially in Code::Blocks (due to D's similarity to C).
- A plugin for Xcode 3 is available, D for Xcode, to enable D-based projects and development.[43]
- An AddIn for MonoDevelop is available, named Mono-D.[44]
- KDevelop (as well as its text editor backend, Kate) autocompletion plugin is available.[45]
- Coedit, an open source IDE dedicated to D.[46]
Open source D IDEs for Windows exist, some written in D, such as Poseidon,[47] D-IDE,[48] and Entice Designer.[49]
D applications can be debugged using any C/C++ debugger, like GDB or WinDbg, although support for various D-specific language features is extremely limited. On Windows, D programs can be debugged using Ddbg, or Microsoft debugging tools (WinDBG and Visual Studio), after having converted the debug information using cv2pdb. The ZeroBUGS debugger for Linux has experimental support for the D language. Ddbg can be used with various IDEs or from the command line; ZeroBUGS has its own graphical user interface (GUI).
Examples[edit]
Example 1[edit]
This example program prints its command line arguments. The
main
function is the entry point of a D program, and args
is an array of strings representing the command line arguments. A string
in D is an array of characters, represented by char[]
in D1, or immutable(char)[]
in D2.The
foreach
statement can iterate over any collection. In this case, it is producing a sequence of indexes (i
) and values (arg
) from the array args
. The index i
and the value arg
have their types inferred from the type of the array args
.Example 2[edit]
The following shows several D capabilities and D design trade-offs in a very short program. It iterates over the lines of a text file named
words.txt
, which contains a different word on each line, and prints all the words that are anagrams of other words.signs2words
is a built-in associative array that maps dstring (32-bit / char) keys to arrays of dstrings. It is similar todefaultdict(list)
in Python.lines(File())
yields lines lazily, with the newline. It has to then be copied withidup
to obtain a string to be used for the associative array values (theidup
property of arrays returns an immutable duplicate of the array, which is required since thedstring
type is actuallyimmutable(dchar)[]
). Built-in associative arrays require immutable keys.- The
~=
operator appends a new dstring to the values of the associate dynamic array. toLower
,join
andchomp
are string functions that D allows the use of with a method syntax. The name of such functions is often very similar to Python string methods. ThetoLower
converts a string to lower case,join(' ')
joins an array of strings into a single string using a single space as separator, andchomp
removes a newline from the end of the string if one is present.- The
sort
is an std.algorithm function that sorts the array in place, creating a unique signature for words that are anagrams of each other. Therelease()
method on the return value ofsort()
is handy to keep the code as a single expression. - The second
foreach
iterates on the values of the associative array, it's able to infer the type ofwords
. key
is assigned to an immutable variable, its type is inferred.- UTF-32
dchar[]
is used instead of normal UTF-8char[]
otherwisesort()
refuses to sort it. There are more efficient ways to write this program that use just UTF-8.
Uses[edit]
Notable organisations that use the D programming language for projects include Facebook,[50]eBay,[51] and Netflix.[52]
D has been successfully used for AAA games,[53] a JavaScript virtual machine,[54][55] an operating systemkernel,[56]GPU programming,[57]web development,[58][59]numerical analysis,[60]GUI applications,[61][62] and a passenger information system.[63]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ ab'D Change Log to Nov 7 2005'. D Programming Language 1.0. Digital Mars. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
- ^ abc'Change Log – D Programming Language'. D Programming Language 2.0. D Language Foundation. Retrieved 28 May 2019.
- ^ abc'dmd front end now switched to Boost license'. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
- ^ abc'dmd Backend converted to Boost License'. 7 April 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
- ^'D 2.0 FAQ'. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
- ^Alexandrescu, Andrei (2010). The D programming language (First ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Addison-Wesley. p. 314. ISBN0321635361.
- ^'Building assert() in Swift, Part 2: __FILE__ and __LINE__'. Retrieved 25 September 2014.
- ^ ab'Expressions'. Digital Mars. Retrieved 27 December 2012.
- ^'On: Ruminations on D: An Interview with Walter Bright'. Hacker News. 30 August 2016. 'It's close, and we're working to close the remaining gaps.'
- ^'Memory-Safe-D-Spec'. D Language Foundation.
- ^Andrei Alexandrescu (2 August 2010). Three Cool Things About D.
- ^'std.gc'. D Programming Language 1.0. Digital Mars. Retrieved 6 July 2010.
- ^'Memory Management'. D Programming Language 2.0. Digital Mars. Retrieved 17 February 2012.
- ^Bartosz Milewski. 'SafeD – D Programming Language'. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
- ^Steven Schveighoffer. 'How to Write @trusted Code in D'. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
- ^'D Change Log'. D Programming Language 1.0. Digital Mars. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
- ^'Intro'. D Programming Language 1.0. Digital Mars. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
- ^'Announcing a new library'. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
- ^'Wiki4D: Standard Lib'. Retrieved 6 July 2010.
- ^'Tango for D2: All user modules ported'. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
- ^Walter Bright. 'Re: GitHub or dsource?'. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
- ^Andrei Alexandrescu. 'D1 to be discontinued on December 31, 2012'. Retrieved 31 January 2014.
- ^'D Change Log'. D Programming Language 1.0. Digital Mars. Retrieved 31 January 2014.
- ^'backendlicense.txt'. DMD source code. GitHub. Retrieved 5 March 2012.
- ^'Reddit comment by Walter Bright'. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
- ^D-Compiler-unter-freier-Lizenz on linux-magazin.de (2017, in German)
- ^switch backend to Boost License #6680 from Walter Bright on github.com
- ^D Language accepted for inclusion in GCC
- ^'gdc project homepage'. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
- ^'LLVM D compiler project on GitHub'. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
- ^'BuildInstructionsPhobosDruntimeTrunk – ldc – D Programming Language – Trac'. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
- ^'D .NET project on CodePlex'. Retrieved 3 July 2010.
- ^Jonathan Allen (15 May 2009). 'Source for the D.NET Compiler is Now Available'. InfoQ. Retrieved 6 July 2010.
- ^'DConf 2014: SDC, a D Compiler as a Library by Amaury Sechet'. Retrieved 8 January 2014.
- ^'deadalnix/SDC'. Retrieved 8 January 2014.
- ^'Wiki4D: EditorSupport/ZeusForWindows'. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
- ^'Wiki4D: Editor Support'. Retrieved 3 July 2010.
- ^'Google Project Hosting'. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
- ^'descent'. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
- ^'Visual D'. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
- ^'dlang-vscode'. Retrieved 21 December 2016.
- ^'code-d'. Retrieved 21 December 2016.
- ^'Michel Fortin – D for Xcode'. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
- ^'Mono-D – D Support for MonoDevelop'. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
- ^'Dav1dde/lumen'. GitHub. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
- ^'BBasile/Coedit'. GitHub. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
- ^'poseidon'. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
- ^'Mono-D – D Support for MonoDevelop'. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
- ^'Entice Designer – Dprogramming.com – The D programming language'. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
- ^'Under the Hood: warp, a fast C and C++ preprocessor'. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
- ^'Faster Command Line Tools in D'. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
- ^'Introducing Vectorflow'. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
- ^'Quantum Break: AAA Gaming With Some D Code'. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
- ^'Higgs JavaScript Virtual Machine'. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
- ^'A D implementation of the ECMA 262 (Javascript) programming language'. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
- ^'Project Highlight: The PowerNex Kernel'. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
- ^'DCompute: Running D on the GPU'. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
- ^'vibe.d - a high-performance asynchronous I/O, concurrency and web application toolkit written in D'. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
- ^'Project Highlight: Diamond MVC Framework'. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
- ^'Numeric age for D: Mir GLAS is faster than OpenBLAS and Eigen'. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
- ^'On Tilix and D: An Interview with Gerald Nunn'. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
- ^'Project Highlight: DlangUI'. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
- ^'Project Highlight: Funkwerk'. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
Further reading[edit]
- Alexandrescu, Andrei (4 January 2010). The D Programming Language (1 ed.). Addison-Wesley Professional. ISBN978-0-321-63536-5.
- Alexandrescu, Andrei (15 June 2009). 'The Case for D'. Dr. Dobb's Journal.
- Bright, Walter (8 April 2014). 'How I Came to Write D'. Dr. Dobb's Journal.
- Çehreli, Ali (1 February 2012). 'Programming in D'. (distributed under CC-BY-NC-SA license). This book teaches programming to novices, but covers many advanced D topics as well.
- Metz, Cade (7 July 2014). 'The Next Big Programming Language You've Never Heard Of'. Wired.
- Ruppe, Adam (May 2014). D Cookbook (1 ed.). PACKT Publishing. ISBN978-1-783-28721-5.
External links[edit]
Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: A Beginner's Guide to D |
Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: D Programming |
- Official website
- Dlang on GitHub
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=D_(programming_language)&oldid=904235671'
Will of the D.
Statistics
Japanese Name:
Romanized Name:
Official English Name:
First Appearance:
The 'Will of the D.', or 'D.'s will' is a mystery surrounding some people who have the middle initial 'D.' in their names.
It doesn't make sense for some things to force using a list (e.g. BattleDialog should work with strings. SetVar doesn't throw an error Click+drag functionality on the mod selection is broken; after dragging it will always select the. Clickteam Fusion battles are harder to make than Unitale imo, as you. Your mod's folder to the new version and you should be good to go. Unitale mods sans. So.you probably came here to learn how to make an enemy? Unitale folder and copy the following directory(s), depending on which one you want to mod.
Carriers of the Initial 'D.'Edit
- See also the associated category: Will of D.
Will of the D. | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Monkey D. Luffy | Gol D. Roger † | Portgas D. Ace † | Marshall D. Teach | Jaguar D. Saul † |
Monkey D. Garp | Monkey D. Dragon | Portgas D. Rouge † | Trafalgar D. Water Law |
- †: the character is deceased.
- *: the character's status is unknown. Hovering the symbol may give further details.
- ≠: the character is non-canon.
- ‡: the character is no longer part of this group. Hovering the symbol may give further details.
Carriers' ProfileEdit
Name | Status | Affiliation | Nickname | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Monkey D. Luffy | Alive |
| 'Straw Hat' 'The Fifth Emperor' |
|
Monkey D. Dragon | Alive |
| 'Revolutionary' |
|
Monkey D. Garp | Alive |
| 'The Fist' |
|
Marshall D. Teach | Alive |
| 'Blackbeard' |
|
Trafalgar D. Water Law | Alive |
| 'Surgeon of Death' |
|
Gol D. Roger | Deceased |
| 'Pirate King' 'Gold Roger' |
|
Portgas D. Rouge | Deceased |
| None |
|
Portgas D. Ace | Deceased |
| 'Fire Fist' |
|
Jaguar D. Saul | Deceased |
| None |
|
The Mystery of D.Edit
The initial was first pointed out in Oda's SBS questions and answers corner, when he was asked what the D. in Luffy's name stood for. Oda just replied to read it as a D. for now and that he would reveal the truth behind it in time.[2] This was the first time Luffy's 'D.' was brought up, as well as Oda's first hint toward a bigger mystery.
Kureha was the first to mention the 'will of D.' when she revealed that the true name of the late Pirate King was Gol D. Roger. She told Dalton that Chopper had joined up with a very dangerous man.[3]
“ | So it still lives.. The will of D. | ” |
— Kureha speaks to Dalton about Luffy[3] |
The 'Will of D.' has also been mentioned by Nico Robin three times, the first being when she rescued Luffy from quicksand during the Alabasta arc; she asked Luffy about the meaning of the 'D.' and why those with the name fight, but he had no idea.[4] The second was when Robin was talking to Gan Fall after they pulled up the ancient belfry. Gan Fall mentioned feeling that Luffy left the same impression on him as Gol D. Roger did.[citation needed] The third time was when Robin tried to ask Silvers Rayleigh about the significance of the 'Will of D.', bringing up the Void Century at the same time. He did not reply on what the 'D.' stood for but stated that they (the Roger Pirates) had discovered the details of the Void Century; however, Robin declined his offer to tell her about it, determined to discover the truth herself.[citation needed]
In contrast to the openness of Luffy and other 'D'-bearers, there are some 'D.' families who seem to know its meaning and try to keep it secret from the public, such as Trafalgar Law's.[5] This implies that almost anyone could secretly have the middle initial 'D.' but choose not to show it.
One clue about those who carry the 'D.' was left by Jaguar D. Saul, who specifically said that, while he did not know the meaning of the initial, he did know everyone in his family carried it in their names.[6] This implies that the 'D.' is passed down between generations. So far, it seems that all characters with the 'D.' may indeed be related to each other, if not by blood, then at least by fate.[7] An example of the hereditary nature of 'D.' can be seen in the Monkey family, consisting of Monkey D. Luffy, his biological father Monkey D. Dragon, and his grandfather Monkey D. Garp.[8] This, however, does not necessarily imply that all 'D.'-bearers are closely related; some of the 'D.'-bearers have had children together, as seen with Portgas D. Rouge and Gol D. Roger, and some of the 'D.'-bearers are giants.
An apparently unique event within the enigma of 'D.' was the birth of Portgas D. Ace, whose parents, Portgas D. Rouge and Gol D. Roger, both bore the mysterious middle initial.
During a flashback, Gol D. Roger complains that the World Government is calling him 'Gold Roger' instead of his real name. He was then asked by Whitebeard what 'D' is. Roger cryptically agreed to explain it, though the scene fades before he actually says anything. However, it is implied that Whitebeard has a clear understanding to its meaning. He later noted during the battle at Marineford that killing someone with a 'D.' would not extinguish the flames of their will because someone would eventually inherit that will and carry on Roger's wish.[9]
Later on, Trafalgar Law wondered aloud that the Will of the D. will almost certainly call up a storm again. It is still not clear exactly what he meant, but it hints that Silvers Rayleigh had a clear purpose for wanting to find Monkey D. Luffy on Amazon Lily.[10] In the Post-War arc, one of the Five Elders stated that 'D.' means danger. After the timeskip, Law mentioned the Will of D. once more when Doflamingo asked him why he had so much faith in Luffy.[11]
“ | In certains places, the clan of D have been called by another name, God's Archenemy | ” |
— Rosinate telling Law about the D's true purpose. |
When Donquixote Rosinante learned that Law is a 'D.', he revealed to Law that those with this initial in their name are from the fated 'family of D.' (Dの一族Dī no Ichizoku?).[12] In the country where Rosinante came from, children were told that if they misbehaved, they would be be eaten up by 'D.'. Similarly, elders of that country seemed quite wary of the 'storm' that those with 'D.' were known to cause. Rosinante explained to Law that the 'D.' has been secretly inherited worldwide and throughout history, and that in a certain land, the 'Family of D' was referred to as 'Natural Enemy of God' (神の天敵Kami no Tenteki?). According to Rosinante, the 'D.'s are considered to be the natural enemy of the Celestial Dragons, as Celestial Dragons are considered to be 'Gods'.[13]
'Inherited Will'Edit
“ | Inherited will, the swelling of the changing times, and the dreams of people. These are things that cannot be stopped. As long as people seek the answer to freedom, these will never cease to be! | ” |
— One Piece, second intro[14] and words heard in Loguetown when Monkey D. Dragon appears[15] |
It is not clear what the significance of the shared middle initial is, but it appears that all share a similar faith in their own (and others') dreams and/or destiny. When a 'D.' appears, the general consensus is that they are going to stir things up on a global scale, for better or for worse. Examples of world-shaking events instigated by 'D.'s include wars, changes in government, and the dawn of a new era.
The biggest mystery of 'D.' is that most of those who carry the 'D.' are themselves unaware of its true meaning. Jaguar D. Saul displayed a lack of knowledge on the subject when Nico Robin asked him what it meant.[16] Similarly, when she asked Monkey D. Luffy why those that carry the 'D.' fight, he was completely clueless as to what she was talking about.[4] However, it seems that the Marines have some awareness of the initial's significance, as Sengoku showed interest in Ace because of it.[17] When Sengoku is explicitly asked from Law if he knows about the meaning of the 'D.', he gives a vague answer, but he seems shocked to find out the Law also carries the initial and he thinks about the checkered fate of the 'D.' carriers.[18]
Trafalgar Law's parents also seemed to have some knowledge about what 'D.' meant, considering that although they passed down the middle initial to their children, they hid it and insisted on using only their surname and given names.[5] Gol D. Roger is the first and, as of yet, only known 'D.'-bearer in the storyline to have discovered its meaning.[19]
The second thing about the D is the 'Inherited Will' which passes down generation from generation according to Roger and Whitebeard. Even if the life of the person is extinguished others will take up their will.
Those who bear the 'D.' in their name seem to be able to withstand an incredible degree of punishment in battle and only surrender to death when they know it is truly unavoidable. In the same vein is an unusual behavior that seems to be common to 'D.': they are often seen laughing or smiling right before they die (or think they're about to die), as though they have accepted their fate and hold no fear of death. Observers have expressed shock and confusion at this phenomenon, unable to believe that someone could so thoroughly come to terms with the end of their life.
So far this strange trait has been shown 6 times:
- Witnesses claim Gol D. Roger died smiling during his execution.[20]
- Smoker saw Luffy smile in the same way when he was about to be killed by Buggy, though he survived in the end.[20]
- Nico Robin witnessed Saul laughing and smiling as he was frozen to death.[21]
- Portgas D. Rouge is seen both crying and smiling when she named Ace, dying shortly after.[22]
- Portgas D. Ace thanked everyone for loving him and died with a smile on his face.[23]
- Trafalgar D. Water Law smirked at, mocked, and flipped off Donquixote Doflamingo when the latter was pointing a gun at his heart and preparing to shoot him, though he survived in the end.[24]
Blackbeard is unusual among those with the 'D.' in that he has shown fear of death. When Whitebeard attacked him at Marineford, he started to panic and begged for mercy.[25] Blackbeard, though he did not show fear when fighting Ace, could not accept death when it became a strong possibility.
Other traits some D bearers have shown to be sharing include:
- Narcolepsy: Witnessed in Luffy, his grandfather Garp, and Ace (later revealed not to be their biological relation). These people have been shown to fall asleep at random times, even in battle.
- Appetite: Ds like Teach, Luffy, Garp, and Ace have been shown to consume enormous amounts of food in one sitting.
- Spirit and charisma: Many D bearers have a strong sense of purpose which naturally draws people to them.
Translation and Dub IssuesEdit
Some translations mistakenly refer to it as 'Gol D.'s will' in reference to Gol D. Roger, the late Pirate King. The English dub by 4Kids chose to refer to the D as the 'Gol D.'s will', while the FUNimation dub refers to it simply as the 'Spirit of D.' Both derive from a mistranslation of the original Japanese text. In the recap supplement Grand Line Times, they were referred to as the 'Men of D.'[26]
The English translations that use of 'Gol D.'s spirit' or 'Gol D.'s Will' instead of 'Will of D.' in Dr. Kureha's talk with Dalton can be considered erroneous. While Gold Roger is spoken of in previous lines, Kureha made no mention of Roger in that particular line of text in the original Japanese.
TriviaEdit
- When Whitebeard was discussing the Will of D., he mentioned One Piece in the same statement, implying that 'D.' and the One Piece are connected by more than just Roger.[9] This was not the only time that both were mentioned in the same chapter: Usopp and Robin asked Rayleigh about One Piece, the Void Century, and the Will of D., all within one conversation.
- Although the term 'Natural Enemy of God' seems to specifically refer to the Celestial Dragons as the god, Monkey D. Luffy also fought and defeated Enel, who held the title of 'God' of Skypiea.
ReferencesEdit
- ↑One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol.66 Chapter 650 (p. 8) and Episode 570,Jinbe mentions Blackbeard succeeded Whitebeard in his position as a Yonko.
- ↑SBSOne Piece Manga — Vol. 8,A fan asked about the D. in Luffy's name.
- ↑ 3.03.1One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol.17 Chapter 154 (p. 7-8) and Episode 91,Dr. Kureha talks about Luffy and the D.
- ↑ 4.04.1One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol.20 Chapter 180 (p. 4-5) and Episode 111,Luffy is ignorant of the Will of the D. when Nico Robin asks him why those with the D. fight.
- ↑ 5.05.1One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol.76 Chapter 763 (p. 16) and Episode 702,Law reveals his full name to Baby 5 and Buffalo both and explains it.
- ↑One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol.41 Chapter 392 (p. 14) and Episode 95,Saul talks about the initial 'D.'.
- ↑One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol.18 Chapter 159 (p. 9-10) and Episode 275,Luffy's interaction with his brother.
- ↑One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol.45 Chapter 432 (p. 9-10) and Episode 314,Koby and Helmeppo express surprise to hear Dragon's full name.
- ↑ 9.09.1One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol.59 Chapter 576 (p. 13) and Episode 485,One Piece is mentioned by Whitebeard.
- ↑One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol.60 Chapter 591 (p. 6) and Episode 507,Law wonders about the will of the D.
- ↑One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol.73 Chapter 729 (p. 6) and Episode 661,Law mentions the Will of D.
- ↑One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol.76 Chapter 763 (p. 19) and Episode 702,Rosinante reveals to Law the secret of D.
- ↑One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol.77 Chapter 764 (p. 7-8) and Episode 703,Rosinante mentions the 'Family of D'.
- ↑One Piece Anime — Opening Theme 2 Believe.
- ↑One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol.12 Chapter 100 (p. 1) and Episode 52,Dragon appears in Loguetown.
- ↑One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol.41 Chapter 392 (p. 14) and Episode 275,Jaguar D. Saul says he doesn't know the meaning behind his D. initial
- ↑One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol.57 Chapter 552 (p. 6) and Episode 461,flashback of Ace's rise to infamy as a pirate.
- ↑One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol.80 Chapter 798 (p. 9) and Episode 743,Law asks Sengoku about the 'D.' initial.
- ↑One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol.59 Chapter 576 (p. 12) and Episode 485,Whitebeard recalls his conversation with Roger as the former is dying.
- ↑ 20.020.1One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol.11 Chapter 99 (p. 17) and Episode 52,Roger's and Luffy's stance against death.
- ↑One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol.41 Chapter 397 (p. 15) and Episode 278,the strange laughter/smile before death.
- ↑One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol.56 Chapter 551 (p. 6) and Episode 460,Rouge dies smiling after naming her child.
- ↑One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol.58 Chapter 573 (p. 6) and Episode 482,Ace is seen with a smile on his face after dying.
- ↑One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol.78 Chapter 780 (p. 5) and Episode 721,Law tells Doflamingo that he'll never beat the Straw Hats while giving him a mocking grin and the middle finger.
- ↑One Piece Manga and Anime — Vol.59 Chapter 576 (p. 9) and Episode 485,Blackbeard panics as he was about to be killed by Whitebeard.
- ↑Grand Line Times.
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